Please, DECIDE!

There are two types of decisions, the programmed one that is based on a simple routine matter and the non-programmed one which is based on a new situation that requires creativity. Both decisions have a process to their implementation that involves: Problem recognition, identification of objectives, evaluation of the situation, selection of course of action, implementation, feedback and follow-up. These steps describe the way how a decision is achieve and have to be taking into account to make an effective decision.

In the literature, many academics have created several models of decision-making, but there are three that have been more acceptable in the studies: the Rational model which is based on the behave to optimize the outcome, the Bounded Rational model that explains the limits in the decision making and the Garbage Can model arguing that the decisions are making randomly.

The decision making process includes different factors that determines the success of the choice. One of the most important factors is the risk, this have to be evaluated in the process because it can determine the scope and the consequences of the decision. Other important factor is the participation or the involvement of specific individuals in the making process, taking into account the persons that can be affected by the decision and can help to the success of the decision. In these cases we are talking about group-made decisions and there several issues that have to be aware in this process as the pressure on the group and the cultural diversity, and there techniques that are designed to avoid these issues like the Brainstorming, the Nominal Group Technique and the Devil’s Advocacy.

Talking about decisions making, other important factor to take into account are the ethics, these can determine the individual behavior. In the literature there are different theories that describe how people respond to a certain situations according to the ethics as the Consequential, the Rule-based and the Character theories. The ethical behavior plays an important role in the organizational decisions, because those are influenced by individual factors as the values, beliefs, morals and social responsibility of a person and the can represent a fundamental character in the decision making process.